ʻO ka refrigeration ka hana o ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻoluʻu ma o ka lawe ʻana i ka wela.Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā mea palaho ʻē aʻe, e pale ana i nā maʻi lawe ʻai.Hoʻohana ia no ka mea ua lohi ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa.
ʻO nā ʻano hana no ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai ma ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana he mau kaukani makahiki, akā ʻo ka friji hou he mea hou.I kēia lā, ʻo ka noi no ka refrigeration a me ka ea ea e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 20 pakeneka o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka ʻatikala 2015 ma ka International Journal of Refrigeration.
Moolelo
Ua ʻoki a mālama ka poʻe Kina i ka hau ma kahi o 1000 BC, a he 500 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua aʻo ka poʻe ʻAigupita a me India e waiho i nā ipu lepo i waho i nā pō anuanu e hana ai i ka hau, e like me ka Keep It Cool, kahi hui hoʻomehana a hoʻoluʻu i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Lake Park, Florida.ʻO nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, e like me nā Helene, nā Roma a me nā Hebera, mālama i ka hau i loko o nā lua a uhi iā lākou me nā mea insulating like ʻole, e like me ka puke History.Ma nā wahi like ʻole o ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia 17, ua ʻike ʻia ka paʻakai paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai e hana i nā kūlana hoʻomaha a hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka hau.I ke kenekulia 18, hōʻiliʻili ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ka hau i ka hoʻoilo, paʻakai iā ia, ʻōwili iā ia i ka flannel, a mālama i lalo o ka lepo kahi i mālama ai no nā mahina.Ua hoʻouna ʻia aku ka hau i nā wahi ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua, e like me kahi ʻatikala 2004 i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai o ka American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
ʻO ka hoʻoluʻu evaporative
Ua hoʻomaka ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mīkini i ka wā i ʻike ai ʻo William Cullen, he kauka Scottish, he hopena ʻoluʻolu ka evaporation i nā makahiki 1720.Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kāna mau manaʻo i ka makahiki 1748 ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ethyl ether i loko o kahi ʻūhā, e like me ka Peak Mechanical Partnership, kahi hui paipu a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana ma Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Ua hoʻolālā ʻo Oliver Evans, he mea hana ʻAmelika, akā ʻaʻole i kūkulu i ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻohana i ka mahu ma mua o ka wai i ka makahiki 1805. I ka makahiki 1820, ua hoʻohana ʻo Michael Faraday ka mea ʻepekema Pelekane i ka ammonia wai e hoʻomaha ai.Ua loaʻa iā Jacob Perkins, ka mea i hana pū me Evans, he palapala hōʻailona no ka pōʻaiapuni vaporcompression me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka amonia wai i ka makahiki 1835, e like me ka History of Refrigeration.No ia mea, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i kekahi manawa ʻo "ka makua o ka pahu hau." Ua kūkulu pū ʻo John Gorrie, ke kauka ʻAmelika, i kahi mīkini e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o Evans i ka makahiki 1842. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Gorrie i kāna pahu hau, ka mea i hana i ka hau, e hoʻomaha i nā poʻe maʻi me ke kuni melemele. i loko o kahi haukapila Florida.Ua loaʻa iā Gorrie ka palapala hōʻailona US mua no kāna ʻano hana hana hau i ka makahiki 1851.
Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hana ʻē aʻe a puni ka honua i ka hoʻomohala hou a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻenehana i loaʻa no ka refrigeration, e like me ka Peak Mechanical, me:
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Ferdinand Carré, he ʻenekinia Farani, i kahi pahu hau e hoʻohana ana i ka hui ʻana me ka amonia a me ka wai i ka makahiki 1859.
Ua haku ʻo Carl von Linde, he kanaka ʻepekema Kelemania, i ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe compressor e hoʻohana ana i ka methyl ether i ka makahiki 1873, a i ka makahiki 1876 ua hoʻololi ʻia i ka amonia.I ka makahiki 1894, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Linde i nā ʻano hou no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ea nui.
1899, ʻo Albert T. Marshall, he mea hana ʻAmelika, ua patent i ka pahu hau mīkini mua.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Albert Einstein i ke kauka lapaʻau kaulana i ka pahu hau i ka makahiki 1930 me ka manaʻo e hana i kahi pahu hau hoʻomalu kūlohelohe me nā ʻāpana ʻole a ʻaʻole hilinaʻi i ka uila.
Ua ulu ka kaulana o ka pahu hau kalepa ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 ma muli o nā hale kūʻai, e like me ka Peak Mechanical, kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka pahu hau mua ma Brooklyn, New York, i ka makahiki 1870. Ma ka huli ʻana o ke kenekulia, kokoke i nā hale kūʻai a pau. he pahu hau.
ʻO ka ʻoihana meatpacking i ukali ʻia me ka pahu hau mua i hoʻokomo ʻia ma Chicago i ka makahiki 1900, e like me ka History magazine, a kokoke i 15 mau makahiki ma hope mai, aneane pau nā mea kanu meatpacking i hoʻohana i nā pahu hau. he pahu hau.
I kēia lā, kokoke i nā hale a pau ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa - 99 pakeneka - loaʻa i hoʻokahi pahu hau, a ma kahi o 26 pakeneka o nā hale US he ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi, e like me ka hōʻike 2009 e ka US Department of Energy.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jul-04-2022